In brief
- The Ministry of Education and Research has published the syllabuses for the 2030 baccalaureate, the first examination taken by the pupils entering the ninth grade in the 2026-2027 school year. Order no. 5.077/2026 appeared in the Official Gazette of Romania (Monitorul Oficial) on 2 September 2026, five days before their first day of class.
- The syllabuses themselves sit in 18 annexes, published in a separate edition of the Official Gazette of Romania, no. 737 bis, which runs to 1,150 pages. The first annex is only a summary table, the other 17 contain the syllabuses: Romanian, mother tongue, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography, social sciences and humanities subjects, religion, digital skills, computer science, technical modules and the specialist subjects of the arts, teacher-training, sports and theology profiles.
- The order repeals nothing and does not touch the 2027, 2028 and 2029 sessions. Article 3 says the syllabuses apply from the 2030 examination sessions, so today’s pupils in the tenth, eleventh and twelfth grades stay on the syllabuses approved earlier.
Published: Official Gazette of Romania no. 737 of 2 September 2026, Annexes nos. 1 to 18 in Official Gazette of Romania no. 737 bis of the same day
In force from: 2 September 2026, the date of publication; the syllabuses apply from the 2030 baccalaureate examination sessions
The pupils starting high school in September 2026 know, from their first week of school, what will be asked of them at the 2030 baccalaureate. Order no. 5.077 of 25 August 2026 of the minister of education and research approves the examination syllabuses for all subjects and training modules corresponding to the tests of the 2030 baccalaureate and was published in Official Gazette of Romania no. 737 of 2 September 2026. It is the last piece in a series that has changed high school entirely for this generation, after the new high school framework curricula and after the school curricula approved in 2025 and 2026, from which the examination syllabuses derive directly. For the very next session the calendar is already set: MEC Order no. 5.211/2026 fixes the dates of the 2027 baccalaureate.
The order itself has six articles and takes up less than a page. Everything that matters sits in the annexes, and the annexes went into a separate edition of the Official Gazette of Romania, no. 737 bis, of 1,150 pages, in which the syllabuses occupy pages 3 to 1149. The ordinary edition of the same day, the one carrying the order, has 16 pages. The ratio between them is almost 72 to 1.
Article 1 approves a summary, that is, the table in Annex no. 1 saying what each of the other annexes contains. Article 2 approves the syllabuses in Annexes nos. 2 to 18. Article 3 sets the moment of application: the 2030 baccalaureate examination sessions. Article 4 declares the annexes an integral part of the order, Article 5 names the institutions that are to carry it out, from the National Centre for Curriculum and Assessment to the school inspectorates, and Article 6 orders publication. The order is signed by the minister Mihai Dimian.
The 17 annexes with syllabuses fall into four groups. The first holds the tests taken by almost all candidates: Romanian language and literature (Annex no. 2), mother-tongue language and literature for thirteen languages, from Hungarian and German to Romani, Croatian and Modern Greek (Annex no. 3), and digital skills, that is, information and communication technology (Annex no. 12). The second group gathers the examination subjects from the core of the theoretical high school: mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography, the social sciences and humanities subjects in a single common annex (logic, psychology, sociology, philosophy, economics and entrepreneurship education), computer science and religion. The third group, a single annex of 82 pages, holds the training modules of the technological track, by field and vocational qualification. The fourth covers the subjects in the specialist curriculum of the vocational track, one annex each for the arts, teacher-training, sports and theology profiles.
Each annex opens with a summary table linking a syllabus code to a test and a profile. In mathematics, for instance, there are eight separate syllabuses, from MAT_P1 for the mathematics and computer science specialisation to MAT_P8, which is the complementary test taken by pupils in the humanities profile and in the technological and vocational tracks. Then, for each code, comes a syllabus built the same way: a preamble showing which school curriculum it derives from, the general competences and the specific competences that are assessed, then the content areas and the contents. The examination syllabuses state explicitly that they do not take over the presentation notes, the examples of learning activities and the methodological suggestions from the school curricula, so they are lists to be assessed, not manuals for teaching.
The examination calendar is updated for the coming year too: the schedule of professional certification and qualification for 2026-2027, with the dates by level of education, was approved by MEC Order no. 5.214/2026.
Pupils sitting the examination this year can still claim the financial incentives of 5,000 lei for an average of 10 at the baccalaureate, approved recently by the Government.
What it changes in practice
The first effect is one of timing. Article 102(7) of Law no. 198/2023 on pre-university education requires the list of subjects and the examination syllabuses to be set by order of the minister and made public „at the beginning of the cycle of education”. The law fixes neither a number of years nor a calendar date, but ties the deadline to the start of the cycle. The high school cycle of this generation begins with the 2026-2027 school year, whose classes start on 7 September 2026, under Order no. 3.194/2026 on the structure of the school year. The order with the syllabuses appeared on 2 September 2026. The statutory deadline is met, with five days to spare.
The second effect is that the list of subjects and their syllabuses are now two different acts that complete each other. Order no. 4.138/2026, issued on 16 June 2026 and published in Official Gazette of Romania no. 500 of 17 June 2026, set the tests and the subjects of the 2030 baccalaureate: test A01, the assessment of oral communication skills in Romanian, test A02 for the mother tongue, test B for language skills in modern languages, test C for digital skills, test D, the written paper in the mother tongue, two written tests E differentiated by track, profile and specialisation, and a complementary test F. Order no. 5.077/2026 puts content behind those letters. The two are read together: the first says what is taken, the second says what is in it.
The third effect reaches teachers and textbook authors before it reaches pupils. The examination syllabuses indicate, in their preamble, the school curricula they derive from: Order no. 6.930/2025 for mathematics and for information technology, Order no. 3.224/2026 and Order no. 4.106/2026 for Romanian. A ninth-grade teacher starting classes on 7 September 2026 can check, from the first lesson, which competences in the school curriculum actually reach the examination and what stays outside the assessment.
What has changed compared with the previous situation
The order repeals nothing and amends nothing. It contains no repealing article, and Article 3 limits application to the 2030 sessions. The current syllabuses remain in force for all sessions until then, so pupils taking the baccalaureate in 2027, 2028 and 2029 are not affected in any way.
What does change is the examination these syllabuses lead to. Under Order no. 4.138/2026, the 2030 baccalaureate assesses language skills in two modern languages, not in one as now, and the compulsory written tests are differentiated by track, profile and specialisation, instead of today’s single formula. The structure of eight mathematics syllabuses, each tied to a specialisation, is the direct consequence of that differentiation: a pupil in mathematics and computer science and one in a technical field no longer sit the same examination in the same subject.
The basis has changed too. The examination syllabuses no longer derive from the old school curricula, but from those approved in 2025 and 2026 for the new high school, including from the Romanian language curriculum for schools and classes taught in Hungarian. In Romanian language and literature there appears, among the competences assessed, one that did not exist in previous baccalaureate syllabuses: assessing digital content and texts generated by artificial intelligence, identifying inaccuracies and linguistic stereotypes.
Advantages and disadvantages
What it improves
- Pupils and teachers have the syllabuses before the first high school lesson, not in the final year. All four grades, from the ninth to the twelfth, are covered in full once it is known what the examination asks.
- The syllabuses are structured identically, whatever the subject: preamble, table of codes and tests, competences, content areas. A parent who understands one syllabus can read them all.
- Every syllabus says which school curriculum it derives from, with the number of the order. The link between what is taught and what is assessed can be checked by anyone, not merely asserted.
- The technological track and the vocational profiles get syllabuses of their own, by field and qualification, instead of being treated as an appendix to the theoretical high school.
- The syllabus codes, of the MAT_P3 or LLRO_P1 kind, give the pupil a precise marker: he finds his specialisation in the table and knows exactly which of the syllabuses concerns him.
What remains a problem
- No annex contains a syllabus for test B, the one on language skills in modern languages. The phrases „modern language” and „modern languages” do not appear at all in the 1,150 pages of the bis edition, even though this is precisely the test that changes the most, from one language to two.
- The annexes went into a bis edition which, according to the note in the order, is bought from the Public Relations Centre of the Official Gazette of Romania. The text the law requires to be made public sits, formally, in a publication that has to be paid for.
- The volume is hard to use as it stands. A syllabus useful to a ninth-grade pupil runs to a few pages, but it has to be found in a file of 1,150 pages, with no table of contents by subject and no separate version for each syllabus.
- Space is unevenly divided. Religion and the subjects of the theology profile take up 431 pages between them, over a third of the total, while Romanian language and literature, the subject every candidate takes, takes up 25.
- The summary table for Romanian announces a special syllabus for all schools teaching in a mother tongue, but the syllabus published is written only for classes taught in Hungarian.
Practical advice
- Do not look for the syllabuses in Official Gazette of Romania no. 737. All that is there are the six articles of the order. The syllabuses sit in edition no. 737 bis of 2 September 2026.
- Start with Annex no. 1, the summary. It has one row for each of the other 17 annexes and tells you directly which of them holds the subject you are interested in.
- Then look for the table at the beginning of the annex. You find your track, profile and specialisation on one row, and that row gives you the syllabus code. Only the syllabus with that code concerns you, the rest are for other specialisations.
- Read the contents column first, not the competences one. The contents say what material is in the examination, the competences say what you are asked to do with it.
- Check in the preamble of the syllabus the number of the order that approved the school curriculum it derives from. If the teacher is teaching from another document, the question is worth asking at the start of the year, not in the twelfth grade.
- For the modern languages test there is no syllabus yet. Until one appears, the only markers are the levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, used in today’s baccalaureate as well.
- If you are a pupil in a class taught in a mother tongue other than Hungarian and you studied Romanian on a special curriculum, ask the school inspectorate for clarification. The order does not, for the time being, contain a syllabus written for your situation.
Frequently asked questions
Who do these syllabuses concern?
Does anything change for pupils taking the baccalaureate in 2027, 2028 or 2029?
Where do I find the actual syllabuses?
Which subjects have syllabuses?
What does an examination syllabus contain?
Why does mathematics have eight different syllabuses?
Is there a syllabus for the modern languages test?
What happens with pupils in schools teaching in a mother tongue?
Can the syllabuses still be changed before 2030?
How does this order relate to Order no. 4.138/2026?
Errors and inconsistencies in the published text
- Annex no. 2, the summary table, row 3 compared with Annex no. 2.3. The table at the beginning of Annex no. 2 announces three syllabuses in Romanian language and literature. The first two, LLRO_P1 and LLRO_P2, expressly exclude „pupils who studied Romanian language and literature for schools and classes taught in a mother tongue, on a special curriculum”. The third entry, coded LLRO_P3, is described in the table as a syllabus for „schools and classes taught in a mother tongue, all tracks, profiles and specialisations”, with no restriction as to language. The syllabus actually published, Annex no. 2.3, bears a different code, LLR_MAGH, and is written for „schools and classes taught in Hungarian”. The code LLRO_P3 appears nowhere else in the 1,150 pages, outside the table. The consequence: a pupil in a class taught in German, Ukrainian, Serbian, Slovak, Czech or in any of the other languages in Annex no. 3, who studied Romanian on a special curriculum, is excluded from the first two syllabuses and is not found in the only special syllabus published. The plausible explanation is that, at high school level, the special school curriculum for Romanian, approved by Order no. 4.106/2026 and cited in the preamble of Annex no. 2.3, exists only for the Hungarian-language classes. Even so, row 3 of the table promises more than the annex delivers, and the gap cannot be resolved by reading the order.
Editorial analysis
The order does what the law asks and does it on time. Article 102(7) of Law no. 198/2023 imposes no deadline expressed in years, but one tied to an event: the syllabuses are made public „at the beginning of the cycle of education”. The cycle begins on 7 September 2026, and the order appeared on 2 September. The margin is five days, so the obligation is met, but with nothing in reserve. For comparison, the act setting the tests, Order no. 4.138/2026, appeared on 17 June 2026, almost three months earlier, that is, before high school admission, when families choose the specialisation. That order makes sense: first you know which tests you take, then what is in them.
The most visible absence from the 1,147 pages of annexes is not seen by reading the order, but by looking for what is not in it. In the whole text of the bis edition, across 1,150 pages, the phrases „modern language” and „modern languages” never appear. All the other tests in Order no. 4.138/2026 have a syllabus: A01 and A02, the oral tests in Romanian and in the mother tongue, are covered in Annexes nos. 2 and 3, test C, on digital skills, has Annex no. 12 with its preamble, and tests E and F each have a syllabus for every specialisation. The only test left without a document is B, language skills in modern languages. It is exactly the test that changes the most, from one language to two, and the only one about which the pupil now entering the ninth grade can read nothing.
The second thing that emerges from counting is how the space is divided. Religion, Annex no. 11, has 187 pages. The specialist subjects of the theology profile, Annex no. 18, have 244. Together, 431 pages, that is, over a third of everything published. Romanian language and literature, the subject every candidate in the country takes, occupies 25 pages, and digital skills, test C, also compulsory for everyone, 13. The difference does not come from a preference, but from the fact that religion syllabuses are written separately for each denomination and, within each denomination, separately for test E and for test F, while Romanian is written once for everybody. The practical effect stays the same, though: anyone looking for the syllabus that concerns him has to work through a volume built for the archive, not for reading.
What should be changed
- Publishing a syllabus for test B. Either by a separate order or by supplementing this one. Without it, the only test that doubles at the 2030 baccalaureate is also the only one with no written marker, and language teachers enter the high school cycle without knowing what is assessed in the twelfth grade.
- Correcting row 3 of the table in Annex no. 2. Either the description is narrowed to classes taught in Hungarian and the code is aligned with the one in the annex, or the special syllabuses for the other mother tongues are published. As it stands, a category of pupils is excluded from the common syllabuses without being included in the special one.
- Publishing each syllabus as a separate file on the site of the ministry and of the National Centre for Curriculum and Assessment. A pupil in mathematics and computer science needs MAT_P1, not 1,147 pages. Splitting by syllabus code turns one volume into seventeen usable documents.
- A correspondence table between the syllabus codes and the specialisations in the register of qualifications. The current summary describes the specialisations in words, and for the technological track the descriptions run over several table rows. A direct code-to-qualification match would spare the form teacher from having to interpret.
- Stating in the order the status of the syllabuses for the 2027-2029 sessions. The order says only when the new ones apply, not that the old ones remain in force for the other sessions. The conclusion can be inferred, but one sentence would close the subject for the pupils and parents who read the act directly.
- Free access to the bis edition. The text the law requires to be „made public” appears in an edition which, according to the order’s own note, has to be bought. Publishing the examination syllabuses in open access, alongside the order, would turn the statutory obligation into a practical reality.
Original text of the legal act
The text below is reproduced in Romanian, the official form of publication.
The full text, as published in the Official Gazette of Romania
Official Gazette of Romania no. 737 of 2 September 2026 16 pages PDF, 112 KB the act starts on page 16
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This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For specific situations, consult a licensed attorney or tax advisor.